guide no.3

1. The word which tells about the thing or person or place and describing is called an Adjective.
2. Adjectives describe and tell us more about nouns.
3. Good students play with intelligent girls.
4. good and intelligent are adjectives.
5. Did you buy a NEW dress? New adjective
6.  Sita has a sweet voice.Sweet is an adjective.
7. Who has got a black colour car? Black  is an adjective.
8. The naughty boy crushed the lovely flower. Naughty and lovely  are adjectives.
9. Our class is the only quiet class.Quiet adj.
10. He saw a wide road. Wide adj.
11. Sunday was a sunny day. Sunny adj.
12. She wears a clean dress. clean adj.
13. He lives in a big and large building. big and large are adj.
14. Big children like to play with small children.big and small.adj.
15. Strong men do not like to fight with weak persons. Strong and weak.
16. Great people treat everyone with respect. Great adj.
17. The brown cow stood under a tall tree. brown, tall.
18. All kind ladies treat young children very nicely.
19. Kind and young  adj.
20. You find out the adjectives.
21. My house is far and your house is near the bus stand.
22. The door was opened and the window was closed.
23. In rainy season clothes get wet and sometimes dry.
24. Young people always mock at the old people.
25. The rich do not care for the poor.
26. You can drink milk either hot or cold.
27. Slow walker is the tortoise and the fast runner is the rabbit.
28. If you get up early ,you will not be late for the school.
29. Late comers are punished in our school.
30. All things big and small, all things great and nice are the creations of Almighty God.
31. Don't wear dirty clothes .Everyone likes only clean dress.
32. 100 feet road is broad and D.B,Road is narrow.
33. Mango tree is short and the coconut tree is tall.
34. Iron is heavy and the cotton is light and soft.
35. Not  a single creation is ugly.Every one is beautiful.It is how you look at that.
36. The bucket is full   but the lake is empty now.

Guide No.2

1. Things , animals or people belonging to another person
2. We can say:
3. Ram's wife is Seetha.
4. Seetha's husband is Ram.
5. Seetha is the wife of Ram,
6. Ram is the husband of Seetha.
7. Bharat's dog. The dog of Bharat.S
8. Sinha's coat. The coat of Sinha
9. Flower's petals. The petals of the flowers.
10. Krishna's house. the house of Krishna.
11. Dasarath's son.the son of Dasarath.
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13. We have 5 vowel sounds  and one h mute or silent.
14. They are called the Articles.
15. A, An and The are the articles.
16. I saw a boy on the road. Which boy, stout boy or lean boy,
17. Tall boy or short boy , this is not specific.
18. So we use a for ONE boy.
19. An is used for the nouns beginning with A<E<I>O>U and H silent or mute.
20. I saw an elephant carrying an egg basket, an ice-cream cake and an orange. The rider carried an umbrella to protect himself from the rain.
21. He waited for an hour near an hotel.
22. An apple and an orange are fruits.
23. An eagle can see from a long distance.
24. I ate an ice-cream cake for an hour.
25. An angry man beats everyone with an umbrella.
26. A man is sitting with a hat and a bat near a table.
27. A tree is near a house.
28. There was a girl sitting on a bench.
29. An honest man does not steal an egg.
30. We had an Examination in Science.
31. My mother was preparing  the dish on an oven.
32. if the noun is used again we use THE.
33. I saw a boy and the boy was wearing a blue shirt.
34. I met a man .The man was working in a factory.

Guide no !

1. Naming words of persons,places and things are called NOUNS.
2. Ram, Seetha, Sri Lanka, Mumbai, table, chair.
3. Doctor,nurse, patient, bed, ward,injection ,needle are some of the examples.
4. Persons:Ram,Doctor,patient.
5. Places. Sri Lanka, hospital, Ward.
6. Things.injection, needle, bed
7. The name with which we call a person,or a place having a special name are called Proper Nouns.
8. Ram, .Kowsalya, Seetha are Proper nouns.
9. Ayodhya,Sri Lanka are the names of particular places.So they are also proper nouns.
10. If the naming word tells about people,places and things in general they are called Common noun.
11. girl, boy, child, man, woman etc., are common names of persons.
12. bedroom,bathroom,kitchen, garden, hotel, zoo are also
13. common nouns.
14. January,March,Sunday,Monday are also proper nouns.
15. What things can you find in the following places?
16. Zoo:Cage, animals, birds, tiger, lion, deer, snake .
17. these are also called Common Nouns.
18. Restaurant: food, tables, chairs, plates, spoons forks etc 
19. these are also called Common nouns.
20. Garden: Trees. plants, bushes, flowers, tap, water .
21. These are also common nouns.
22. Bathroom: tub, soap, paste, tap, towel, bucket
23. These are  also common nouns.
24. Bedroom: clock, cup-board, shelf, pillow, mirror ,bedsheet.
25. bed cover are also Common nouns.
26. Particular  and exact names are Proper nouns.
27. January, March, May and December are the names of particular months.
28. Sunday. Tuesday.Friday are some of the names of the particular days.
29. Jasmine,Lotus and Rose are the names of particular flowers.
30. Lion, tiger,deer, Kangaroo are the names of particular animals.
31. Nimmi and Chennai, Anne, London,Mumbai ,
32. Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Eid, Diwali, Christmas..New year.
33. Are all proper nouns.
34. Bull, cow, farm, fish, chips,  father, Star, sky and night are call common nouns.
35. Remember you must write the first letter of the proper noun only in Capital.
36. like New Delhi, Mumbai, Sunday, Idd, New year,
37. Jesus,Ram, Krishna are all proper nouns.
38. If we have only one bottle, one pen and one flower we can call that a singular noun.
39. If we have more than one like ,bottles ,pens an flowers then they are plural nouns.
40. Take our body parts.
41. some of them are singular and some of them are more than one in plural.
42. We all have one head, one tongue, one chest, one back and one nose.
43. But we have two eyes, two ears, two hands and two legs and 
44. we have ten fingers and ten toes.
45. To make a singular noun into a plural ones we add sometimes 
46. s and es at the end of the noun.
47. Examples: girl/girls, boy/boys. hand/hands. leg/legs.
48. But  we add es to some nouns like"
49. bunch.bunches/ batch,batches,  latch, latches,
50. box, boxes,  bush,bushes, glass,glasses.
51. If the nouns are ending in s,z, x, sh and ss  we can add es and make them in plural.
52. bus,buses, dress,dresses, class,classes, fox,foxes, bush,bushes etc.,
53. If the nouns end in f  or fe  then we add ves to make them plural.
54. Wolf.wolves, knife,knives, wife ,wives, 
55. Some nouns remain same in singular and plural.they are sheep,sheep, deer, deer
56. some nouns ending in f changed into ves in plural.
57. Leaf ,leaves, loaf,loaves, half,halves,  self,selves, shelf, shelves,
58. some nouns ending in fe also have ves in plural.
59. Wife, wives. life lives, knife, knives, 
60. Some nouns change in plural.like
61. Man, men,child,children, mouse,mice,louse,lice, tooth ,teeth,
62. he,they, she they, it,they, I,we, foot , feet,  goose, geese.
63. this ,these, that ,those.
64. I have one sheep but he has thirty sheep.
65. He has a pet colour fish.We have fish in our tank.
66. We have different colour fishes in our tank.
67. In aquarium you can find a lot of fish.
68. A baby  deer is running among the many deer in the zoo.

A flight with the moon on their wings.

1. What is Bird migration?
2. What do some of the birds do?
3. What is the great mystery of bird life?
4. When do they travel  to northern  regions of Asia,Europe and America? and why?
5. When do they make their return journey?
6. Why are they sometimes delayed?
7. Why do the birds move from one place to another?
8. Where are the seasons well-defined?
9. What do those birds which spend the summer in higher reaches of mountains?Where does this happen?
10. Why are they called brave little VOYAGERS?
11. What is the speed of the migrating birds?
12. What do the small birds do?
13. What is the speed of the shore birds?
14. What is the speed of the ducks?
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Articles/linkers / etc

1. Articles.
2. Mr. K. is  a famous  instrumentalist.
3. He is an Indian.
4. He had a problem in hearing.
5. He can feel the vibrations of the instruments 
6. in an orchestra .
7. I saw a boy. The boy was short and stout.
8. The boy carried an ostrich's egg.
9. The egg was very big.
10. He bought an ice-cream . He put the egg on the floor.
11. The egg broke and a chick came out.
12. An owl came there and picked up the chick and flew away.
13. It started raining and he took an umbrella  from the shop and walked away.
14. He went to an hotel and had his lunch.
15. He was admitted in an hospital.
16. A boy, an egg, an ice-cream, an owl,  and an umbrella are all indefinite articles. silent /mute h too.
17. The is definite . It specifies about a particular person, place thing or animal.
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19. Prepositions'
20. Tom was walking ON  a lonely lane AT  night.
21. There was a car . It broke down.
22. The car owner could not get any help FROM any one.
23. Far DOWN the road there was a hut.
24. We were IN a  dense forest.
25. It started raining. We all ran TO the hut FROM where we were.
26. We stayed IN the hut  TILL  the morning.
27. Then we all came OUT and  got the help FROM a villager.
28. AFTER a day's wait, the car was repaired.
29. Tom also joined them and they all continued On their journey.
30. I saw a cow. It was standing UNDER a tree.
31. It came there FROM its shed.
32. It was OUT grazing IN the field.
33. I saw the tree. There were many birds ON the branches OF the tree.
34. There were many birds. I shot AT one. All the other birds  flew away.
35. There was no bird ON the tree.
36. The same cow gives milk FOR us everyday.
37. It goes back TO its shed by itself.
38. The sky is ABOVE  and the earth is BELOW.
39. I am in BETWEEN.
40. I have a face. My eyes are NEAR my ears.
41. My nose is ABOVE my mouth.
42. My mouth is BELOW my nose.
43. My nose is BETWEEN my eyes and my mouth.
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45. linkers and connectors.
46. THOUGH he  is not fluent in  the language, he speaks confidently.
47. Call me IF in need.
48. BESIDES my brother , we  were all late to school.
49. This is the house THAT was sold by my grand-father.
50. SINCE I  was late I missed the bus.
51. Inform me AS SOON  As  you reach the station.
52. You can start late BUT you must not be late in reaching there.
53. Start studying BUT with more concentration.
54. WHILE  you study, don't watch the T.V. serials too.
55. IN CASE you need any help, you can bank upon me.
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A Psalm of Life BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW

1. Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
      Life is but an empty dream!
2. Mournful numbers ------ sad songs
3. Life is an empty dream- for those who  are depressed and dejected.
4. Life is real! Life is earnest!
5. The poet  looks upon life as a real thing.Life is real and not a dream.
6. You can come only once  as a human being. you do not know what will be your next birth.
7. 
   

   Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,

      Is our destined end or way;
8. Destined end-   journey  is  the journey of life.
9. But to act, that each to-morrow

      Find us farther than to-day.
10. You must act to-day itself.Tomorrow is yet to come.
11. The poet  is optimistic  and says to-day's  work will surely create a better  tomorrow.
12. Still, like muffled drums, are beating

       Funeral marches to the grave.
13. Our hearts - beat like  muffled drums.
14. . To wrap up, as in a blanket or shawl, for warm "muffled drums";"the muffled noises of the street"; "muted trumpets"
15. In the world’s broad field of battle,

       In the bivouac of Life,
16. Bivouac----Temporary camp made by soldiers.
17. This is a metaphor.
18. Be not like dumb, driven cattle!

       Be a hero in the strife!
19. Strife---- struggles
20. Hero in a strife-----You must be bold enough to take things boldly and face the challenges and struggles.
21. And, departing, leave behind us

       Footprints on the sands of time;
22. Footprints in the sands of time.
23. The achievers leave their footprints in the   history the sand of time.
24. ,A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,

       Seeing, shall take heart again.
25. Take Heart- have perseverance and indomitable spirit to work more harder. and succeed.
26. Life is real! Life is earnest!

       And the grave is not its goal;
27. God has given this life to achieve and leave the footprints behind.
28. Life is real and Grave is not the end  that is the Death.(grave-death)
29. Art is long and Time is fleeting.
30. Learning is endless and life is a learning process.We have a lot to learn.One life is not enough to learn and know about all things in life.
31. Trust no Future, howe’er pleasant!

       Let the dead Past bury its dead!
32. Forget the past and live in the present  and expect the best and best only in future.
33. Life is for living,smiling, laughing ,achieving and enjoying
34. You cannot think of taking birth once again as a human being.
35. Make the very best of the present and leave the tomorrow to take care of itself.
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37. Still like the muffled drums----- simile
38. Still achieving, still pursuing,

       Learn to labor and to wait.
39. Learn and labor    L repeated - words in alliteration.
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41.  Sailing o’er life’s solemn main,   sailing.solemn s repeat alliteration
42. GRAVe and GOAL   g repeat  alliteration
43. Dust thou art, to dust returnest,

       Was not spoken of the soul.
44. Man you have been made out of the elements of the earth and when dead you will be entering the grave and become dust again.
45. From dust you came and to the dust you return.
46. Rhyming words : brave/grave
47. Dump.driven cattle  d/d repeat alliteration.
48. Life/life  grave/goal alliteration.
49. Soul and slumbers  s repeat   alliteration.
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51. Rhyme scheme> ab,ab,ab,ab
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53. Message of the poem A Psalm of Life.
54. Live a life that is worth living.
55. Don't get dejected and depressed and say life is an empty
56. dream.
57. you have been sent in this world by the graceful God to enjoy all the things he created and live in this world as a trustee .From dust you came and to the dust you will return.
58. When you live ,live for the present and do whatever best you can.
59. Life is a long learning process. you cannot cover the whole world with your small blanket of thinking.
60. Your thinking in limited and God's creation is unlimited.
61. You cannot think of taking birth as a human being once again and visit this world.
62. Life is for living,smiling,laughing achieving and enjoying and leaving your footprints behind in the history.
63. Face the world boldly and do whatever best you can.
64. You have come in this world and one day you  will be in the grave and that is for  sure.Whatever life offers you take it and make the best.
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Noiseless Spider

A Noiseless Patient Spider

1. BY WALT WHITMAN
   A noiseless patient spider,

   I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated,

   Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding,

   It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself,

   Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.

   
   

   And you O my soul where you stand,

   Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space,

   Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them,

   Till the bridge you will need be form’d, till the ductile anchor hold,

   Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.
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3. It stands for the spider.
4. Patient -- works noiselessly and patiently
5. isolated-   alone  in a corner, isolated,
6. explore- to search ,to scan
7. promontory--- high point of land standing out from the coast line
8. produces filament.----producing filament
9. Soul- stands  detached and as well as surrounded
10. Musing continuously;;; Human soul does this.idling
11. Gossamer thread---- fine cob-web
12. The soul also throws the gossamer thread.
13. Soul_- surrounded and detached  in measureless space.
14. soul signifies  ceaseless spiritual meditation.
15. The words in alliteration:
16. Forth, filament, filament, filament, 
17. Vacant/vast
18. underlying theme of this poem.
19. Walt Whitman describes a spider beginning to work on its web. It’s doing the trickiest, most uncertain part of the job: trying to lay down the first line. It’s shooting out lots of little strings, trying to get one of them to stick to something. Then, to let you know that this poem isn’t just about a spider, the speaker tells us that this is a metaphor for the soul, which also explores and tries to connect.
20. Whitman focuses on this theme about as directly as he can. The first five lines are all about nature. He uses the spider as an example of how things work in the natural world. The second five lines are all about human life and emotions, and how they might compare to nature. By the end, the two worlds are tied together by this metaphor, and they become hard to pull apart.
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